Une étude récente montre que les plantes GM ne sont pas une solution au problème de la faim. En dépit de 20 années de recherches coûteuses, ces OGM n’ont pas donné de meilleurs rendements que les variétés cultivées traditionnellement. Les programmes de sélection classiques ont également davantage de succès lorsqu’il s’agit de développer des variétés plus tolérantes à la sécheresse ou à la salinité. La contribution à la sécurité alimentaire des plantes GM est également faible, car elles sont principalement utilisées pour la production d’alimentation animale ou d’agro diésel. Un meilleur accès à l’eau et aux engrais, la construction d’installations de stockage appropriés, et des systèmes de transport qui fonctionnent, auraient davantage de succès que les semences GM dans la lutte contre la malnutrition. (Independent Australia, 03.04.15)
Quelle: Independent Australia, 03.04.15
New Report debunks „myth“ that GMOs are key to feeding the world
A new study upholds value of traditional methods 'shown to actually increase food supplies and reduce the environmental impact of production'. Common Dreams staff writer, Lauren McCauley, reports.
THE BIOTECHNOLOGY industry "myth" that feeding billions of people necessitates genetically engineered agriculture has been debunked by a new report out Tuesday by the nonprofit health organization Environmental Working Group.
The report, Feeding the World Without GMOs(pdf), argues that investment in genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, has failed to expand global food security. It advocates more traditional methods ‘shown to actually increase food supplies and reduce the environmental impact of production.’
Over the past 20 years, the report notes, global crop yields have only grown by 20 per cent— despite the massive investment in biotechnology.
On the other hand, it continues, in recent decades
‘the dominant source of yield improvements has been traditional crossbreeding, and that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.’
As the report states,
‘seed companies' investment in improving yields in already high-yielding areas does little to improve food security; it mainly helps line the pockets of seed and chemical companies, large-scale growers and producers of corn ethanol.’
After examining recent research on GMO crop production, the report also found:
Genetically modified crops — primarily corn and soybeans — have not substantially contributed to global food security and are primarily used to feed animals and cars, not people.
GMO crops in the U.S. are not more productive than non-GMO crops in western Europe.
A recent case study in Africa found that crops that were crossbred for drought tolerance using traditional techniques improved yields 30 per cent more than genetically engineered varieties.
Alternately, the report recommends a number of "common sense" strategies for expanding the global food supply, including: implementing a smarter use of fertilizers, eliminating bio-fuels, eliminating food waste, and cutting global meat consumption in half. Producing meat requires huge quantities of often-genetically modified crops such as corn and soy for animal feed.
Further, the report points out the narrative that GE crops will help feed the world ignores the fact that hunger is mostly the result of poverty.’
About 70 per cent of the world's poor are farmers, report author Emily Cassidy writes, and to raise them out of poverty requires access to basic resources such as fertilizer, water, and the infrastructure to properly store or transport crops to market — not expensive, resource-intensive GMO seeds.
